2nd Year Viva Questions 2012

Courtesy : Class of 2015

Anatomy Major

Ext.Neuro:dura,folds,contents,venous sinuses Csf production and drainage,dural nerve supply,arterial supply of cerebellum,lesions of cerebellum..AP:features of stomach,attachment of lesser omentum on liver,contents of portahepatis,extrahepatic biliary app. its blood supply,cholilithiasis,sigmoid mesocolon attachment contents sigmoid colon arterial supply....

Int.HN:structures passing through foramena,venous sinuses,sup vena cava formation,lymphatic drainage of tounge,most common site for cancer in tounge,nerve supply of toung,larynx cartilages,cartilage involed in vocal cord formation,main cartilage for speech,abductor of larynx nerve supply,cause of diff.in origin of recrunt layrngeal,ligamentum venosum formation,development of liver,development of diaphragm,

batch E, Ext: spleen, borders, impressions, pelvimetry, three conjugates, obstetric, true and diagonal, identifying male from female pelvis,

medulla, nuclei present at in medulla, what is nucleus abiguus , facial colliculus

Internal (embryology + Head n Neck)- starts from model of brain flexure, spotting, when flexures are develop- partitioning of atrium

- coarctation of aorta

-starts with hemisection of head n neck, spotting of opening of auditory tube, tubal elevation, pharyngeal tonsil, soft palate

-tympanic cavity's anterior wall

-ossicles's names

-function of stapes

-supply of soft palate

-origin of ureter with week of development

-development of kidney with model of development

-parts of urogenital sinus

-development of bladder

-congenital polycystic kidney disease

-nerve supply of tongue

-9th cranial nerve ki branches

-formation of pharyngeal plexus

-otic ganglion-arterial supply of thyroid-LRC nasal septum model pe Label the nerve and areteries-remnnats of notohord-developmnt of lesser sac -develpmnt of vertebral bodeis

batch E: highlight system for today was CVS, heart ki development, sometimes uterus ki development, remnants of vessels, remnants of mesonephric and paramesonephric ducts..also pharyngeal arch derivatives.

TM joint almost her ek se! movements of TM joint, muscles producing movements, muscles of mastication, develpment nerve supply.

External (AP n Neuro)

-general features of stomach

-how it is connected to liver

-what lies behind stomach

-how lesser sac communicates with great peritonial cavity

-boundaries of epiploic foramen

-uterus's nerve supply

-where its affrent sympathetic fibers go

-peritoneum related to uterus, its clinical significance

-major support of uterus

-vertebrate's parts

-ligaments attachments

-what is intervertebral disc

-what joint it forms with vertebrae

-disc prolapsemcburneys insicions-pelvic outlet -transeverse diamnter of oultet-imp of ischial spnie-weight of live-support of liver-extraperitoneal organs-attchmnts of mesenteries-plexuse

- what is corpus collosum

- its function

- what kind of fibres it has

- major forcep, minor forcep

- function of commissural fibres

- broca's n wernicke's area location, function n lesions-urinary bladder ki supports n relationz-coelic ganglion n plexus-superior n inferior hypogastric plexus-liver spotting plus lobes-palpation of liver in heptomegaly-reasons of hepatomegaly-types of hepatitis-inferior vena cava mein veins ki openings in dffrnt parts-spinothalamic tract-functions of thalamus-parietal lobe-function of somatosthetic association area-optic chiasma lesions-visual pathway-reticular nuclei -functions-centers of brains associated with emotions and personality.

Internal viva:

-atlantoaxis joint

-movemnts on latral joints of atlntoaxis joint

-structur pasing through mandibular foraramen

-mandibular nrv ki branches

-facial nrv

-type,course n branches of facial

-specialy asked abt sensry sply of facial

-developmnt of tongue

-suply of tongue

external viva:

-sacrum

-significance of sacral promontory

-spleenic ligamnts

-why spleen z intraperetonial

-primary n secndry retroperetonial organs

-ovary

-ovarian bursa ki boundries

-corpus callosum n its projecting fibres

-lesions of corpus calllosum

-parts of vermis

Surface marking: mostly spleen, liver borders, stomach,kidney, gall bladder.. aorta, vessels and nerves of head neck,

01 Dec

internal

-m'am had digestive and cvs models today, concerned developments+its most major anomaly

m'am repeats A LOT, just have a look at the models she has kept on ur day n read those developments

-head n neck, m'am mostly asks only from cranial nerves and end chaps (pharynx-eye)+glands and temporomandibular joint

external

-read the names of main parts/segments of visceras + blood and nerve supplies of all

-only major and superficial things from neuro (imp tracks, blood supply, cortical areas, pyramids, medial lemiscus, septum pellucidum.. kind)

ext nice, spleen: anatomical position lig, atchnt on part of stmch nd kidney. direction of splenomegaly, efct of spleenectmy. colon b sply. megacolon. bht main main puch rae. neuro me cmponents of diencph. nuclei f hypoth. func of hpthal. septum pellucidum Pelivimetry k 3 conjugates. define portal circ.(2 cap beds hote) kahan kahan hoti body me(hypopheseal, renal, hepatic) baqi repeat hi the n koi anhoi cheez ni puchi.

Int: cranial nrv, foramina of skl q repeat hue bht. rot of stomach, pyloric sten nd duod atresia me diff(projectile vomiting nd a few othr), intorsion nd extorsion(dnt use clkwis nd anticlkwis say medial n lateral)

y inf obl/sup obliq opp dir me le k jate baqi sare recti to name k corresponding side pe mvt krwate?

psymp ganglia ciliary ki exact locat.sp acess ki cranial part ki dist thru?

pharynx k mscles nd nrv sply. cervicl symp ganglia.Batch D

-Internal : its all abt luck k konsa model ajaye .. i got skull, foramen ovale, kia pass krta ha, mandibular nrv ki supply, area of supply, which muscles, other than mastication, derivative of 1st 2nd arch, sup thyroid art , nerv at upper pole of thyroid....

-External : sweetest person & that demo sitting at the back constantly nodding at your answers is very encouraging :P rapid fire..spleen uthao, surfaces, impressions , ligaments ...spleenomegaly causes etc Content of lenorenal lig... Uterus .. broad lig k contents... Round lig k contents... Major support of uterus... Areas of frontal lobe.. cerebellum areas 

- Spotting : worst so far :@

external asks EVERY THING about AP.. peritoneum ki tracing b puchi sir ny.. apki LUCK ha k ap pr kon sy questions a jayen

5th dec!

extrnal-

ascending and descending tracts- pyramidal, lateral spinothalamic, medial leminiscus

function of thalamus- relay station. perception of crude sensations following lesions of cerebrum

UMN and LMN lesions

types of cerebral fibres- projection, association, commisural

inferor olivary nucleus

functional areas in the cortex and their location

nuclei at the level of superior colliculus

parkinsonism

hypothalamus

occulomotor nerve nuclei both

reflexes

falciform ligament, lig venosum. derivatives of?

virus affecting testis

pancreas, duodenum- blood supply

colon- parts. bloood supply, derivatives if hindgut,point of demarcation of change in blood supply nd nerve supply

proctodeum

pudendal nerve and its branches in the pudenda canal

supports of uterus, blood supply, anastomosis with ovarian artery

anterior abdominal wall, muscles and nerves supplying

contents of scrotum

gall bladder peritoneal relations

nerve supply of stomach

func of parasympatheticsin stomach- source

omental bursa, importance

portal vein formation, relations,

anal anastomosis

round igament of uterus

broad ligament- contents

adrenal gland has no parasym supply

greater splanchnic nerve origin

pelvic splanchnic nerves

mam Rafia

From bones- mandible- attachments

skull k mainly foramina e suna. like is foramen main sse konsi nerve passs krti and us ka intracranial course and branches

ziada facial, trigemminal and vagus ki branches suni.

facial intracranial course nd intracranial branches,type of fibers in chorda tympani 

vagus branches in neck

larynx- developmnt, muscles, nerves supplying it

tracheoesopageal fistula ki types

atlas vertebrae

development of hindgut

attached muscles at zygomatic arch

rotation of stomach

maxillary nerve ka course

blood and nerve supply of soft n hard palate

sympathetic ganglia in head n neck region

parasympathetic ganglia and their roots

otic ganglion

greater petrosal nerves n deep petrosal nerves and ye kon se fibres carry kartin

ventricle formation in heart

middle meningeal artery n course

mandibular nerve ki branches

development of kidney

surface marking main mam points b sunti in additionn to marking on the body!!

spotting main heart or kidney ka model aya tha!

Anatomy Spotting

each table with three spots n one question related to spot n three resting tables

-fissure for logamentum vinosum,inf. vena cava,bile duct

formation of bile duct

-cardiac end,pylorus,greater curvature

arteries along greater curvature

-ureter,ovary,external illiac artery

continuation of external illiac artery

-embryo model..endocardial cusion,septum primum,muscular part of IV septum

structure forming right atria

-allantois,mesenchyme,vertebral column

structure derived from allantois

-radiograph...frontal sinus,vomer,post. inf. illiac spine,sacroilliac joint

-superior colliculus,koi artery the,third point yaad nae

superiior colliculus ka function

-piriform fossa,vocal fold,circumvilate papilla

lateral boundary of piriform fossa

-vagus nerve,sumbandibular gland,thrd spot not sure k konsi nerve the

vagus ki branch in neck

-post. ethmoidal foramen(not sure),foramen ovale,int. acoustic meatus

ganglia topographcally related to nerve passing through foramen ovale

Physiology Viva 

• Internal (Sensory system- GIT- Motor system)
• Functions of spinal cord
• Functions of Hippocampus
• Retrograde amnesia
• What is sleep?

• Functions of duodenum 
• function of cerebellum
• afferents of cerebellum
• what is speech?
• function of dorsal spinocerebellar tract
• sleep spindles
• what is CNS
• parts of brain
• components of Speech  (word formation in wernicke n broca,Phonation,Resonance,Articulation Told by mam herself)
• what z thought
• function of basal ganglia
• muscle spindle
• Caudate n putamen Circuits
• What r Color Blobs
• Batch A:
• ascending n descending tracts of spinal cord
• function of spinoreticular tract
• function of reticular formation
• function of thalamus
• function of intralaminar nucleus of thalamus
• areas of prefrontal area
• functions of cereellum
• connections of cerellum
• basal ganglia 
• wernicke area
• function of wernickes area of non dominant hemisphere
• functions of basal ganglia
• spike dome potential
• waves in sleep
• synptic ptential
• movements of large intestine
• functions of cerebellum
• nystagmus
• causes of nystagmus
• pain receptor...and its pathway 
• fuctions of pons,epilepsy,association areas, synapses, synaptic delay,somatosensory cortex,pyrimidal tract,muscle spindle, csf functions,ascending/descndng tracts. Antidromic conduction

External (Endocrinology- Special Senses)

• Functions of middle ear
• Functions of growth hormone
• What are somatomedians?
• IGF-1
• Gigantism
• Attenuation Reflex 
• Light and Dark Adaptation
• Mechanism for detection of the direction of sound  
• impedance matching
• place principle
• In Breast dvplmnt roll of hormone
• milk ejection
• pituitry hormones n their regulation
• Volleys effect
• what is hormone
• what r inhibitory hormones
• Batch A:
• what are harmones?
• what are paracrine n autocrine harmones
• ant. pituitary harmones
• inhibitory harmones?
• function of growth harmone
• function of oxytocin
• what is neuroendocrine reflex?
• circadian rythm of cortisol?
• functions of middle ear
• pancreatic hormones 
• functions of insulin(which hormone def leads to ketoacidosis)
•  gluconeogenesis, hormones promoting gluconeogenesis
• aqueous humour, functions, site of sec
• intra occular pressure
• cells in retina
• electrotonic conduction in retina
• action potential generate in which cells of retina
• optic nerve
• visual pathway
• aldosterone
• ACTH
• cortisol  
• insulin receptors
• stammering
• fluent and non fluent speech
• functions of stomach
• how oxytocin acts
• thyrotoxicosis
• myxoedema
• no of hair cells
• auditory pathway
• decussation of auditory pathway
• functions of inner ear
• OGTT. ratio of insulin to glucagon,diabetes insip& melitis                 

High Yield Systems

1. Endocrinology
2. Special Senses
3. GIT
4. Motor

8th dec.

External- Motor, GIT, Somatosensory!

vomiting- affrents and effrents

stages of spinal cord complete transaction

which relexes appear first, paraplegia of which type

chemoreceptive trigger zone

what factors other than GIT cause vomiting

if drugs are injected into blood wil they still trigger the chemoreceptive area?

haustrations

why are they called haustrations

defecation reflex, types, which one is more powerful

saccadic movement

cord righting reflex

Brown sequard syndrome- very much repeated question

motor areas,

sensory areas- Broadmanns numbers

functions of pre frontal area

areas in prefrontal cortex

functions of basal ganglia

reflex action- definition

conditioned/unconditioned reflexes

reflex arc

receptors- their types

pain- fast pain slow pain pathways, their terminations, transmitters released

sleep- def

sleep waves

INTERNAL - Endo, special senses

funtions of ear- external, middle ear

functions of semi circular canals

attenuation reflex

Aldosterone - mam's fav question

function of aldosterone

mechanism of aldosterone

location of receptors of thyroid hormone, aldosterone, cortisol

functions of growth hormone

acromegally

cretinism

mechanism of ACTH

oxytocin function

Addison's disease

function of calcitonin

site of release of inhibin

functions of estrogen

nodal point

fovea centrallis

functions of retina

odorants- mechanism

Physiology Practicals

Total 18 Practicals:

8 Nervous System, 4 Eye, 6 Frog.

All 4 Eye Practicals and All 6 Frog related Practicals Are MUST DONE AFFAIR!

In Nervous System, Hearing Test are most common!

25 min at first to write down 2 practicals!

Headings: Principle, Apparatus, Procedure, Observations(if any), Precautions.

Performance TOTAL SELF SERVICE! :p

Practical Viva by both examiner just related to Practicals! 2-3 ques just!

biochem major

biochem ext.(dr kamran) such a sweet person.......easy easy pocha sub.....like agr kisi say hormonerelated pocha to bus woi pocha.....mjh say pituitary hormones pochay...function of prolactin or TSH....bus...then Sir shakeel k sath it was a rapid fire roundtranspeptidationglycineglutathione

NADPH2antioxidant enzymeHMP shunt pathwayfolate traphypogylcemiaor,transketolases n tranaldolases aisay he tha sub :P

External viva:

-ur general intro and some idhar udhar ki baaten to relax u

-Protein synthesis

-thyroid gland and its hormones

-functions of calcitonin and its beneficial effect(strengthen bones)

- renal function tests. role of epinephrine.. site of release, action 

Sir shakeel viva:

-what is gluconeogenesis

-what is pyruvate

-what is transamination

-what are alpha keto acids and name some

-causes of hyperammonemia and why is ammonia toxic to brain(sir said i have told u 3 reasons fr it in class lecture)

-what is transpetidation

-what is salvage

-what is function of adenosine deaminase and its deffeicincy

-G6PDH and its role

Sir Shakeel viva:

-metabolism of purine n pyrimidine

-lesch nyhan syndrome

-glutathione

-primry n sec hyperuricemia

-symptoms of hypoglycemia

-gycemic index

-pyruvate dehydrogenase complx

-PRPP

-ketoacidosis n its link wd diabetes

-HbA1c ki imprtnc

-hypoglycemia

-sources of acetyl CoA

-daily intake of proteins

-ketone bodies synthesisHMG coA reductase regulation 

External viva:

-thyroid k fnctionz

-tranamination

-hemolysis

-bilirubin

-wt z heme n sythesis

-myoglobin

external:

- glucose regulation

-thyroid hormone synth n effects

internal:

-genetics se cloning, probes, palindromes, recombinant dna, transgenic animals, PCR, SNP

 practical me glycated hb,

TMG and renal threshold of glucose,

does TAG contribute to total blood cholestrol,

how much NH3 wil rise so that person wil come to know that he has hyperammonemia

,how NH3 afect brain -sir said i told u about its efect on brain by A-ketobutyrate in class,

cause of hypo and hyprcalcemia and effects,how much bilirubin wil rise to give yellow colour to eyes,

HDL and what is level of hdl in healthy person,

sources of NH3 and urea,hypoglycemia and causes

Sir Shakeel Viva:

dobson Johnson Disease.

Criggler Najjar Disease

causes of hypouricemia

adenosine deaminase deficiency

carcenoid tumour(Indole acetic acid

functions of Alpha ketoglutarate

reactive hypoglycemia

Chemical nature of pyruvate and OAA

External viva

HMP Shunt