Physiology Practical/Viva Questions 2nd Year 2013

Compiled by Qudrat Ullah

Major viva:

Internal:

What is GH?

Functions of GH?

functions of Estrogen?

functions of progestrone?

Relaxin is released by?

Second messenger systems?

Phospholipase C system?

products produced by action of Phospholipase C and the functions of products?

Preovulatory Surge?

Cause of POS?

which hormones use Phospholipase C system?

what is somatomedin C?

Postural movements, its centers, crossed extensor reflexe, functions of stomach

Definition of receptor?

receptor potential?

properties of receptor?

labelled line principle?

parts of speech?

motor functions of stomach?

astereognosis?

insulin?

testosteron function ?

DCML,Anterolateral differences?

Rate receptors?

Proprioceptives?

Posture controls?

Types of sensations?

receptors?

Function of spinal cord?

Reflexes,cord rightening and so on 

speech pathway?

temprature sensors?

paleospinothalamic pathway?

stomach motor functions?

anterior pituitary hormones and their functions?

cretinism?

what is difference in new born baby?

what is the difference between pituitary diabetes nd diabetes meliltus?Functions of thalamusAnalgesia SystemCause of sleepFunction of Reticular activating systemPain Pathway 

properties of synapses. intermediate memory mechanism,. thought, presynaptic inhibition.

 stroke,types of stroke,properties of synapses,peristalsis,migratory motor complex

fuctions of large intestine, rate of impulses in it, caudate and putamen circuit, motor neurons and their mechanism of action
what is catch-up growth..

Hormones Of Placenta, Functions Of Middle Ear, Impedence Matching, Acromegaly.

Wernikes area, posterior column of spinal cord, their sensations, primary somatosensory area, all other motor areas and their functions, achlorohydria, Basic electrical ryhtm of stomach and its value. Global aphasia, asteriognosis.

External is a methodical woman. When you tell her the Preovulatory stage of ovarian cycle, describe all the details with precision like antrum development, stigma formation, etc etc... otherwise she will haunt you if you jump upto graffian follicle at once... That's the story.

 functions of spinal cord, basal ganglia,

Resting membrane potential of hair cells. Function of outer hair cells. Parts of vestibular apparatus. Regulation of sodium. Depth perception

 hemianopias and their types. visual acuity, its angle, nodal point n bla bla(thngs related to visual acuity), eye movemnts, how to fix gaze, adrenogenital syndrome, placenta hormones

CNS:what is cognition? basal ganglia? limbic system?
GIT:Functions of stomach? swallowing?

properties of receptors,functions of stomach,peristalsis sbse zyada git k kis part m hoti h (ileum),memory,facilitation,inhibition,functn of sympathetic systm 
n itx effect on eye

adequate stimulus, law of specific nerve energies, theories of sleep, cortical plasticity, phantom limb pain, EEG and the common waveforms observe

Adrenarche, hypoparathyroidisn latent tetany, calcitonin action and site of synthesis, amorphosynthesis, smell centres, sensory areas of brain

intrmediat mmry
wt is rcptr
habituatn
adaptation
spinl cord fncts
hemisection of cord..
extrnal...
pitutry cells
their hrmones
kinds of diabetes..(inspids n melits)...
typ 2 ma kya o ra e..(precis ans is..down regulatn of rcptrs..wthnrml insulin lvl..decresad sensitvty ka wrd unko acha i lgta itna..)
glucos regultn...factrs..epinphrin kahan sy aya(dnt frgt
to say HYPOTHLMS SIGNLLD medula to releas it)

External:

two plexuses of GIT?

which plexus controls GIT secetions?

What is gastric Juice?

what is Pepsin?

site of formation of pepsin?

water balance hormone from hypothalamus?

mechanism of action of ADH?

site of release?

basal ganglia and their names?

corticostriatal fibers release which neurotransmitter?

lesion of Pallidus?

difference between Ballismus and hemiballismus?

sensory cortex?

amorphosynthesis and its cause? 

sensations carried by anterolateral pathway?

which is motor part of spinal cord?

differentiate b/w tonic and phasic contractions?function of bicarboate ions?secretin acts on which part of pancreas? 

Prolactin, actions regualtion?

Accomodation?

presbiopia, its correction?

types of receptors?

mechanism of steroid hormones?

myopia?

astigmatism?

functions of testosterone, aldosterone?

gigantism?

growth hormone?

tropic hormones?

name ant. pit hormones?

action of FSH?

receptor potential?

spinocerebellum functions?

hishprung's disease?

ataxia? 

Types of harmonal receptors?

puberty,1st sign of puberty?

adrenogenital syndrome?

androgens screted by adrenal cortex?

mask effect and its threshold?

medial lemniscs?

git reflexes?

CCK action nd site of action??

cerebellar diseases?

fine tremors?

Decibel, Bel, their values?

conversions to dynes?

Pitch values in males, females?

Nervous Axis of hormones?

Hyperacusis?

Tympanic Reflex?

GnrH n LH flows. (in waves on graphs)

Sound waves, crests, troughs?

Prolactin regulation?

diopter?

depth perception?

parallax?

stereopsis?

monoocular and binocular mechanisms of depth perception?

LH?

pre-ovulatory surge?

* EVERY little detail of first chapter of eye and hearing VERY important.

Taste senasations, their thresholds?

Auditory pathways , new, old terminations?

Growth hormone?

purely endocrine glands?

attenuation reflex?

contents of middle ear?

menarche?

early signs of puberty?

reticular activating system, including neurotransmitters

caudate and putamen pathway functionns?

what are receptors?

tonic and phasic receptors?

defecation reflex?

Physiological Blind spot?

Macula?
Functions of cortisol?

Cushing's syndrome?

Progesterone?

Role of progestins in renal function?

Menopause?

Perimenopausal changes?

Cause of Purple Striae in Cushing's Disease? 

Positive feedback examples in hormones?

 up and down regulation of receptors?

 diabetes type 1 and 2?

ovulation test?

pregnancy test?

elisa? 

place principle?

Rinne's test?

 functions of somatostatin,vestibular apparatus,functions of placenta
movements of eye and their control, saccadic movements control ( sup colliculus through frontal eye field), cortisol ki regulation, circadian rythms, gnrh, fsh, lh n she knows every word of guyton. 
decerbrate rigidity, functions of spinal cord, spinal cord reflexes, receptor potential, labelledline principle, diff in functinz of pth and vit D, normal sperm count and motility in prcntge.
Name Specialized Motor Areas Of Cortex,Which Centres Lie In Premotor Cortex,Word Deafness, Na Absorption In Colon Active/Passive? Functions Of Colon, Composition Of Pancreatic Secretions, Role Of HCO3-,
Creatinism, functions of internal year, functions of vestibular system, 2nd messenger mechanism, cAMP , errors of refraction
What is catchup growth?
What is PSA?
Why don't our eyes adapt while seeing everything all day?
Endometrium thickness (when she says she has read 4-7mm, don't tell her you have read 4-6mm)
Cryptorchidism and the hormone whose deficiency causes it? (Testosterone in fetal life)
Scrotum ka temperature? (When she says 32 degree, say Yes. Don't tell her its 35 degree written in the book)
Rennes test
Weber test
Three points how to detect loudness of sound
Synapses, Properties of synapse, sleep, sleep waves, receptor potential and adaptation
Aldosterone most potent stimulator, Blood Testes barrier function, vol of ejaculate, sperm count and fertility, Types of refraction errors, steroid hormone mechanism, Aldosterone mechanism

Name some association areas. What is Wernicke's area? What happens if it gets damaged? What causes Word Blindness? What is Word Blindness? What are the different parts of cerebellum? What are their functions? What causes ulcer?
(She will find a fault in almost everything you say. Don't bother arguing with her. Actually, PLEASE don't argue with her. You'll make her angry. And then Dr Samia will get angry. And then bad things will happen.)
 GH? Dwarfism, levi lorains, cretinism, myopia, hyperopia, astigmatism. Int. Functions of hippocampus, tabes dorsalis Practical Major: hearing tests. air and bone conduction ratio (2:1), music and noise. Reduced rene positve. Minor: deep reflexs, precautions, names of reflexes. Mono or poly synaptic.
migratory myoelectric complex, EEG n its waves, receptor definition, labelled line principle, golgi tendon organ and golgi tendon reflex.
Special senses: what is olfaction? primary sensations of smell? physical properties of the odorant? olfactory pathways? anosmia?
Reproduction: what is lactation? hormones responsible? milk let down?
Endo: what is rickets? vit D independent rickets? renal rickets?
wots cortisol n secreted from whch zone,total sperms in 1 ml of ejaculate,cushing syndrome n disease,presbyopia n its correction,accomodation
signs of pubrty 3 3 fr male n female..the only thng aftr parathyroid she repeats
tonsil sy taste kn cary krta

superfemale
turner n kleinfiltr synd n hrmphrodits ma kyn hta ovo.testis..

delayed pubrty in males ko kya kehty?(it ws smt strtng wth A..firdos gytn ma ni e)
n in female(primry amenorhea
wt is amenorhea..primry kyn hta..scndry ka mostt comon cause aik
osteoporosis n osteo malacia ka dif..osteoporosis ma kn sa aik hrmn decreas or do hrmn increas hty..(estrogn..crtisol grwth hrmn)
parathyroid ka mech of action pochain to she is asknng Ca sensng mechnsm...CaSR vala
osteolysis
olfactry rcptr
gustation

PRACTICALS (Minor viva):

*SMT practical:

 what is twitch? Why SMT is taken? what is Latent Period?

*3,4,6 CNs examination:

What are the names of these CNs? what is strabismus? what are the types of strabismus? what causes torsional Strabismus?

*demonstration of tetanization on frog's nerve muscle preparation:What is Tetanization,refractory period(mark on the graph),Duration of a simple muscle twitch?

*FUNDOSCOPY:

physiological blind spot, what does fundoscopy of a diabetic person show?

*TWO SUCCESSIVE STIMULI:

ionotropic effect, in which phase amplitude chages, .

*facial nerve examination:

observation? bell's palsy

*fatigue:

definition, contracture remainder? sites of fatigue in central and peripheral tissues

*Cerebellar function:

Cerebellar sensory functions, centers for equilibrium, phonation, borcas area, dysarthria

*Perimetry:

angle of arc in field of vision, acuity def, bases of snellen's chart.

*Nerve Muscle Tetanization:

how to adjust the multiplier and speed selector to exactly 40mm/s?What is refractory period?Types of refractory period.Why skeletal muscle undergoes tetanization and cardiac doesnt?

what are hearing tests without using tuning fork...also other than voice test and audiometry..
Internal: wavelengths of red, green, blue colours... protanamoly...
Ischihara chart and its importance...

External: hearing tests, rinnes reduced positive, in which condition does it happen (partial nerve damage)
Air conduction to bone conduction ratio= 2:1
do not tell her that in Renne's reduced positive, the air to bone conduction remains "consistent"... because she says she has read the word "same" in her books... and she will stare you to embarrassment, if not death, if you use any term that's alien to her.... not even routine english synonyms.

 astigmatism, keratoconus, its treatment, ovarian cycle
How do we perform experiment to study sucessive stimulus effect on sk muscle....
External:5th cranial nerve konsi? Nature? Atrophy supra nuclear lesion or infra(she said nuclear lesion me)infra in case of spinal nerves? Path of corneal reflex, hypertrophy give example?
Tetanisation- Where exactly is tetanisation occurring on the graph? Why causes tetanisation?
Colour Vision- Types of cones? Protanomaly?
Staircase phenomenon, Definition of tetanization.
freezing of parts of body called frostbite, how to test function of lateral rectus
name the 3 tests used for colour vision, wavelengths of red, green and blue colour. Auditory parthway, what is the function of superior olive other than sound: it is differentiation and determination of distance. and for kymograms, you must know the meanings of all the points on it and reasons of curves.
pre-load and after-load, swallowing centre, refractory period, cause of tetanization.
effect of cerebellar disease on myotactal reflexes... angle subtended by the chracter (E) in snellen chart at the normal distance...angle subtended by the bar of the E in the illiterate snellen chart...